Ana frank

Ana Frank

Estatua de Anne Frank en Utrecht (Países Bajos)
Annelies Marie «Anne» Frank, conocida en castellano como Ana Frank (Fráncfort del Meno, Hesse, Alemania, 12 de junio de 1929 – campo de concentración de Bergen-Belsen, Baja Sajonia, Alemania, marzo de 1945) fue una niña judía alemana, que dejó constancia en su diario de sus experiencias en un escondrijo o desván construido en un edificiode oficinas, mientras se ocultaba con su familia de los nazis en Ámsterdam (Países Bajos) durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Su familia fue capturada y llevada a distintos campos de concentración alemanes, donde morirían todos salvo su padre, Otto. Anne fue enviada al campo de concentración nazi de Auschwitz el 2 de septiembre de 1944 y, más tarde, al campo de concentración de Bergen-Belsen. Murióallí de fiebre tifoidea a finales de febrero o principios de marzo de 1945, pocos días antes de que éste fuera liberado.
Años después, su padre publicó su famoso diario, conocido en español como el Diario de Ana Frank.
Biografía
Nació en Fráncfort del Meno (Hesse, Alemania), siendo la segunda hija de Otto Heinrich Frank (12 de mayo de 1889 – 19 de agosto de 1980) y su mujer Edith Hollander (16de enero de 1900 – 6 de enero de 1945), una familia de patriotas alemanes que habían participado en la Primera Guerra Mundial. Tenía una hermana mayor, Margot Frank (16 de febrero de 1926 – 9 de marzo de 1945). Junto con su familia, tuvo que mudarse a Ámsterdam, huyendo de los nazis. Allí le regalaron un diario al cumplir los trece años. Muy poco después, su familia tuvo que ocultarse en unescondrijo, la Achterhuis, situada en un viejo edificio en el Prinsengracht, un canal en el lado occidental de Ámsterdam, y cuya puerta estaba escondida tras una estantería. Allí vivieron durante la ocupación alemana, desde el 9 de julio de 1942 hasta el 3 de agosto de 1944.
En el escondite había ocho personas: sus padres, Otto y Edith Frank; ella y su hermana Margot; Fritz Pfeffer, un dentista judío (alque Anne dio el nombre de Albert Dussel en su Diario), y la familia van Pels (van Daan en el Diario), formada por Hermann y Auguste van Pels y el hijo de ambos, Peter. Durante aquellos años, Anne escribió su Diario, en el que describía su miedo a vivir escondida durante años, sus nacientes sentimientos por Peter, los conflictos con sus padres, y su vocación de escritora. Pocos meses antes de serdescubiertos, empezó a reescribir su Diario con la idea de publicarlo tras la guerra.
Después de más de dos años, un informador holandés guió a la Gestapo a su escondite. Fueron arrestados por la Grüne Polizei y, el 2 de septiembre de 1944 toda la familia fue trasladada en tren de Westerbork (campo de concentración en el noreste de Holanda) a Auschwitz, viaje que les llevó tres días. Mientrastanto, Miep Gies y Elly Vossen, dos de los que los protegieron mientras estuvieron escondidos, encontraron y guardaron el Diario.
Anne, Margot y Edith Frank, la familia van Pels y Fritz Pfeffer no sobrevivieron a los campos de concentración nazis (aunque Peter van Pels murió durante las marchas entre campos de concentración). Margot y Anne pasaron un mes en Auschwitz-Birkenau y luego fueron enviadas aBergen-Belsen, donde murieron de fiebre tifoidea en marzo de 1945, poco antes de la liberación. Sólo Otto logró salir de los campos de concentración con vida. Miep le dio el diario, que editaría con el fin de publicarlo con el título Diario de Ana Frank, que ha sido ya publicado en 60 idiomas.
El memorial en honor a Anne y Margot Frank está en el lugar donde estaba la fosa común correspondiente ala barraca donde murieron en el campo de concentración de Bergen-Belsen.
Período reseñado en el diario
Antes de esconderse

Estrella de David del tipo que todo judío estaba obligado a portar durante la ocupación nazi.
Al cumplir trece años, el 12 de junio de 1942, Anne recibió un pequeño cuaderno que había señalado a su padre en una vitrina unos días antes. Si bien se trata de un libro de…

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