EL BALONCESTO Y SU HISTORIA
El baloncesto, básquetbol, basquetbol o básquet es un deporte de equipo que consiste básicamente en introducir un balón en un aro colocado a 3 metros que cuelga una red, lo que le da un aspecto de cesta o canasta.
Fue inventado por James Naismith, un profesor de educación física canadiense, en diciembre de 1891 en la YMCA de Springfield, Massachusetts, EstadosUnidos. Se juega con dos equipos de cinco personas, durante 4 períodos o cuartos de 10 (FIBA)[4] o 12 (NBA) minutos cada uno. Al finalizar el segundo cuarto, se realiza un descanso, normalmente de 15 a 20 minutos según la reglamentación propia del campeonato al cual el partido pertenezca.
También existe una modalidad, fundamentalmente para discapacitados, en la que se juega en silla de ruedas(baloncesto en silla de ruedas), prácticamente con las mismas normas que el baloncesto habitual.
HISTORIA DEL BALONCESTO
El baloncesto nació como una respuesta a la necesidad de realizar alguna actividad deportiva durante el invierno en el norte de Estados Unidos. Al profesor de la Universidad de Springfield (Massachusetts), James Naismith (un profesor canadiense) le fue encargada la misión, en1891, de idear un deporte que se pudiera jugar bajo techo, pues los inviernos en esa zona dificultaban la realización de alguna actividad al aire libre.
James Naismith analizó las actividades deportivas que se practicaban en la época, cuya característica predominante era la fuerza o el contacto físico, y pensó en algo suficientemente activo, que requiriese más destreza que fuerza y que notuviese mucho contacto físico.
James Naismith diseñó un conjunto de trece reglas para el incipiente deporte. Estas eran:
El balón puede ser lanzado en cualquier dirección con una o ambas manos.
El balón puede ser golpeado en cualquier dirección con una o ambas manos, pero nunca con el puño.
Un jugador no puede correr con el balón. El jugador debe lanzarlo desde ellugar donde lo toma.
El balón debe ser sujetado con o entre las manos. Los brazos o el cuerpo no pueden usarse para sujetarlo.
No se permite cargar con el hombro, agarrar, empujar, golpear o zancadillear a un oponente. La primera infracción a esta norma por cualquier persona contará como una falta, la segunda lo descalificará hasta que se consiga una canasta, o, si hayuna evidente intención de causar una lesión, durante el resto del partido. No se permitirá la sustitución del infractor.
Se considerará falta golpear el balón con el puño, las violaciones de las reglas 3 y 4, y lo descrito en la regla 5.
Si un equipo hace tres faltas consecutivas (sin que el oponente haya hecho ninguna en ese intervalo), se contará un punto para suscontrarios.
Los puntos se conseguirán cuando el balón es lanzado o golpeado desde la pista, cae dentro de la canasta y se queda allí. Si el balón se queda en el borde y un contrario mueve la cesta, contará como un punto.
Cuando el balón sale fuera de banda, será lanzado dentro del campo y jugado por la primera persona en tocarlo. En caso de duda, el árbitro lanzará elbalón en línea recta hacia el campo. El que saca dispone de cinco segundos. Si tarda más, el balón pasa al oponente.
10.El árbitro auxiliar, «_umpire_», sancionará a los jugadores y anotará las faltas, avisará además al «_referee_» (árbitro principal, véase siguiente punto) cuando un equipo cometa tres faltas consecutivas. Tendrá poder para descalificar a los jugadoresconforme a la regla 5.
11.El árbitro principal, «_referee_», jugará el balón y decide cuando está en juego, dentro del campo o fuera, a quién pertenece, y llevará el tiempo. Decidirá cuando se consigue un punto, llevará el marcador y cualquier otra tarea propia de un árbitro.
12.El tiempo será de dos mitades de 15 minutos con un descanso de 5 minutos entre ambas.
13.El equipo que…
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