METODOS EDUCATIVOS PARA JOVENES
©Revdo. Dr. José Abraham De Jesús
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¿QUE ES UN METODO?
Método se puede definir como, «Un modo ordenado de proceder para llegar a unos resultados o a un fin determinado, especialmente para descubrir la verdad y sistematizar los conocimientos.» Esta es la definición que nos dá el Diccionario Vox de la Lengua Castellana.
Método es púes, la forma de haceralgo para llegar a un punto determinado. En la educación Cristiana, el método nos ayuda a llegar a nuestros objetivos.
Los métodos pedagógicos son una opción del maestro o maestra en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Esto quiere decir que aunque el maestro o maestra no puede prescindir de los métodos, él o ella tienen la opción de escoger aquellos que consideren més apropiados en un momentodeterminado.
En el momento de hacer la opción por un método es necesario tener en consideración varios puntos:
1. El contenido de la lección – el contenido es el «QUE?» se va a enseñar. Algunos contenidos no son propios para algunos tipos de métodos. Por lo cual el maestro deberá escoger éstos con mucho cuidado.
2. El tamaño del grupo.
3. La edad de los alumnos.
4. Lasnecesidades del grupo.
5. Las capacidades de los alumnos.
6. Las facilidades fisicas disponibles.
7. Los recursos humanos, económicos, tecnnológicos y literarios.
8. Las capacidades propias del maestro y su intencionalidad.
METODOS PEDAGOGICOS
A continuación trataremos suscintamente una lista de aquellos métodos que pueden ser usados efectivamente por los maestros o maestras deeducación Cristiana. La lista no pretende ser comprensiva, ni tratar todos los métodos posibles, pero los mencionados descollan entre los más usados/y/o recomendados por los especialistas en educación.
Le pedimos que lea éstos con much cuidado, tratando de entender, hacerlos suyos y usarlos en los diferentes procesos educativos de la iglesia.
•
• PREGUNTAS
– El método depreguntas puede ser muy provocador si el/la maestro/a pueden utilizar los diferentes niveles de pensamiento para estimular las personas al análisis creador. Estos niveles son; memoria, comprención, aplicación, análisis, síntesis y evaluación.
(Adjunto encontrará una página donde se describen los diferentes tipos de preguntas para cada nivel de pensamiento.)
Recuerde planificar suspreguntas antes, tratando siempre de llevar a las personas a los niveles de pensamiento más altos.
• DRAMATIZACION
– Nos referimos al drama expontáneo que surge o que es provocado por el/la maestro/a. En la dramatización los diferentes papeles o roles los realizan los mismos estudiantes, pero sin una forma planificada, sino como un medio de sintetizar algun tipo de aprendizaje. Hay otrotipo de dramatización que es aquella en que se dramatizan condiciones actuales de la vida cotidiana, a estos les llamamos sociodramas (role playing). El sociodrama es muy útil para describir (dramatizar) algún problema social, tanto de la iglesia como de la comunidad.
• MEMORIZACION
– La memorización como método educativo ha sido altamente criticada, sin embargo, debemos de afirmar quehay muchas cosas que los seres humanos tenemos que hacerlas parte nuestra por medio de la memorización. Esto mismo ocurre con los procesos educativos cristianos.
En muchos momentos saber un pasaje de la Biblia de memoria puede ser la diferencia ante una crisis, nuestra o de un semejante nuestro. Sin embargo no queremos afirmar que es la memorización de pasajes, sin un previo análisis, elque determina que una persona sepa o no Biblia o doctrina cristiana.
• TRABAJOS MANUALES
– Como parte de los procesos educativos se puede estimular la creatividad de los individuos a través de trabajos manuales. Hay diferentes formas de hacer estos. Se puede usar pintura, escultura, construcción de articulos relacionados con la educación impartida, etc.
Hasta donde sea posible…
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