Indice
Portada……………………………………………………………………1
Indice……………………………………………………………………… 2
Introducción……………………………………………………………….3
Hipótesis…………………………………………………………………..3
Desarrollo del Tema.……….…………………………………………… 3
Perspectiva Psicoanalítica.….…………………………………………..4
Perspectiva Conductista..….…………………………………………… 6
Perspectiva Cognitiva..…….…………………………………………… 8
Perspeciva Humanista.…….…………………………………………… 9Conclusiones…………………….……………………………………… 11
Bibliografía.……………………………………………………………….13
INTRODUCCIÓN
Una forma de estudiar la personalidad es identificar las situaciones que producen respuestas. Nuestra personalidad en sí misma es una fuente principal de conducta. Si despreciamos las variables de la personalidad, no seremos capaces de obtener un cuadro completo de las causas de conducta. Al no poderexplicar la conducta por medio de causas externas, podemos recurrir a las variables de la personalidad, como los sentimientos, los impulsos y las ansiedades. Por lo que podemos juzgar la utilidad de una teoría de la personalidad por su capacidad para describir, explicar, predecir y cambiar la personalidad. (Dicaprio, 1980)
HIPÓTESIS
El modelo psicoanalítico de la personalidad sigue siendo lateoría de la personalidad más completa e influyente de todos los tiempos.
DESARROLLO DEL TEMA
Siguiendo la cuarta edición del DSM-IV (Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Trastornos Mentales y del Comportamiento) de la Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana define por Personalidad: Patrones duraderos de percibir, relacionarse y pensar acerca del ambiente y de uno mismo. Los rasgos de personalidad sonaspectos prominentes de la personalidad que se manifiestan en una amplia gama de contextos sociales y personales importantes. Los rasgos de personalidad sólo constituyen un trastorno de personalidad cuando son inflexibles y desadaptativos y provocan malestar subjetivo o déficit funcional significativo. (DSM-IV, 1994)
La personalidad es una de las categorías más polémicas y complejas de lapsicología. Ahora examinaremos cómo nos distinguimos de los demás y como cada cual tiene una personalidad propia y peculiar. Empezaremos analizando la etimología del término personalidad, para diferenciarlo del temperamento y del carácter, puesto que a menudo se ha pensado que son sinónimos.
La palabra persona deriva del griego prosopon, que era la máscara que utilizaban los actores en lasrepresentaciones teatrales. En Roma, Cicerón (siglo I) usó el término persona con cuatro sentidos diferentes que son subyacentes, permaneciendo la siguiente acepción: como sinónimo de prestigio y dignidad. (El comportamiento individual, 2010)
?Para comprender mejor el concepto de personalidad, hace falta distinguirlo de otros que están relacionados, como el temperamento y el carácter.
?
El temperamentoconsiste en la herencia biológica recibida y, por lo tanto, es difícil de cambiar o de modificar. Millon lo describe como «el material biológico desde el cual la personalidad finalmente emerge. Se puede decir que incluye el substrato neurológico, endocrinológico y bioquímico desde el cual la personalidad empieza a formarse.»
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El carácter (término derivado de una palabra griega que significa grabado)se forma por los hábitos de comportamiento adquiridos durante la vida. Millon piensa que el carácter «puede ser considerado como la adherencia de la persona a los valores y a las costumbres de la sociedad en que vive.
? La personalidad es la conjunción del temperamento y el carácter en una única estructura. La personalidad representa un patrón profundamente incorporado de rasgos cognitivos,afectivos y conductuales manifiestos, que persisten durante largos periodos de tiempos y son relativamente resistentes a la extinción.
?De entre las características más relevantes de la personalidad podemos mencionar las siguientes:
– No tiene una existencia real, se infiere a partir de la conducta de los individuos. Es una abstracción que nos permite ordenar la experiencia y predecir el…
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