Literatura mundial

Pedro Dolsan
Literatura mundial: Trabajo interno 1
¿De que manera los padres demuestran el cariño a sus hijos y cómo esta relación afecta la forma de ser o la personalidad de los mismos?

A continuación explicaré la relación que existe entre algunos personajes de las siguientes novelas y cómo la misma hace que su forma de ser se vea alterada. La relación padre-hijo en condiciones normalesdebería ser buena, de confianza, espontánea. En general padre hijo conviven amistosamente (más allá de alguna discusión) con respeto pero a la vez llevándose como si fueran amigos. Existen otros casos en los que la relación no es tan cálida ni de confianza como sería con un amigo pero pueden llevarse bien. Sin embargo en “Gabriela, clavo y canela”¹ de Jorge Amado se da un caso especial. Larelación entre el coronel Melk Tavares y su hija Malvina es totalmente distinta ya que es autoritaria, fría y distante. El trato entre el padre y la hija en “Gabriela, clavo y canela” hacen que la hija tenga una forma particular de ser y de actuar. A Malvina, la forma en que el padre la trata le afecta en gran forma a su personalidad ya que se transforma en una chica rebelde. En “Filtro de amor”² deLouise Erdrich, por su parte, King Junior no cambia su forma de ser debido a su edad, aunque evidentemente le afecta a su personalidad, pero la diferencia es que el pequeño no es conciente por eso no se evidencia tanto el cambio. Lo que se remarca en esta novela es el trato de los padres hacia su hijo ya que Lynette demuestra el amor que tiene para con su hija mientras que King también ama a suhijo pero no lo demuestra tanto. Melk Tavares hace algo parecido a lo que hace King ya que no demuestra tanto amor hacia su hija, aunque las razones que hasta pueden ser llamadas “excusas” de porqué no le prestan atención a sus hijos son distintas. Melk no lo da a conocer por su forma de ser, y su rol como coronel en la sociedad de Ilheús. No puede ser una persona que se deje manejar por las mujeresy se tiene que caracterizar por su rudeza, su firmeza, su autoridad. A King, sin embargo, le pasa algo distinto. La razón es su adicción al alcohol y su estado permanente de ebriedad que impiden a cualquier padre educar y criar a su hijo de una forma normal.

1- Amado, Jorge. Gabriela, clavo y canela. Emecé editores, Buenos Aires, 2007
2- Erdrich, Louise. Filtro de amor. Tusquetseditores, Barcelona, 1987

Malvina cambia de una forma radical cuando su padre Melk empieza tratarla mal y abusarse de ella. Pasa de ser una chica buena, tranquila y con ganas de ser una más con ganas de aprender cuando lee lo que Joao Fulgencio le da, a ser una adolescente rebelde que hace las cosas porque las siente y sin pensarlas pero además para contradecir a su padre. El coronel Melk parece noamar a su hija como cualquier padre normal lo haría, pero esto es así simplemente por su personalidad de ser tan duro, estricto y exigente; simplemente es una forma distinta de criar a su hija. El escaso cariño que parece haber en esta relación que comúnmente debería llevarse a cabo sin problemas se ve reflejado en varios hechos concretos que claramente – a pesar de que se pueda catalogar como unaforma de formar a sus hijos – reflejan algún problema o carencia en la manera que el coronel la educa. Primero el simple hecho que el padre la golpee parece un poco exagerado o excesivo si lo que se pretende es hacer entender que una cosa está mal. Además no es un golpe suave (sin ser justificante) sino que son heridas graves, que aún agravan la situación:

“(…) – Harás lo que yo te ordene.
_Sólo voy a hacer lo que yo desee. (…)
– ¡Perra! _ Levantó el rebenque, sin fijarse dónde lo golpeaba. Fue en las piernas, en las nalgas, en los
brazos, en la cara, en el pecho. (…)” ¹

Este fragmento anteriormente citado refleja claramente lo que expliqué antes, o sea, el hecho de que Melk le genera heridas graves a su hija ya que la deja sangrando, solo porque Malvina dijo que se iba con…

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