Narcotráfico en Colombia se refiere a la evolución histórica de la producción y distribución de drogas ilícitas de efectos psicotrópicos en Colombia, desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad.
Colombia ha tenido cuatro de los carteles de narcotráfico más poderosos del mundo, que en algunos lugares crearon una nueva clase social e influenciaron grandemente la cultura colombiana. El uso de la hoja decoca, la marihuana y otras plantas, había sido parte del estilo de vida de algunas comunidades indígenas a lo largo de América del Sur, pero la demanda mundial de drogas psicoactivas durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970 incrementaron la producción y procesamiento de estas en Colombia. Se implementaron leyes de prohibición en Estados Unidos y en Colombia para sofocar el efecto negativo de las drogasen la sociedad y castigar a quienes las cultivaran, poseyeran, comercializaran o distribuyeran.
Desde el establecimiento de la guerra contra las drogas, los Estados Unidos y algunos países europeos han proveído al gobierno colombiano ayuda logística y financiera para implementar planes que permitan combatir el tráfico de drogas. El programa más notable ha sido el polémico Plan Colombia, el cualtambién está destinado a combatir los grupos armados ilegales calificados por estos países como terroristas, entre ellos paramilitares y guerrillas, que en la década de 1980 empezaron a financiarse con esta actividad ilícita.
Plan Colombia es un acuerdo bilateral constituido entre los gobiernos de Colombia y Estados Unidos. Se concibió en 1999 durante las administraciones del presidente colombianoAndrés Pastrana Arango y el estadounidense Bill Clinton con los objetivos específicos de generar una revitalización social y económica, terminar el conflicto armado en Colombia y crear una estrategia antinarcóticos.[1]
El plan ha continuado bajo extensiones temporales bajo las administraciones del presidente colombiano Alvaro Uribe y los estadounidenses George W. Bush y Barack Obama.
El PlanColombia cuenta principalmente con el apoyo del programa del gobierno estadounidense llamado Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI) o «Iniciativa Andina Contra las Drogas» y recibe asistencia del Foreign Military Financing (FMF) o «Financiación para Fuerzas Militares Extranjeras» del Department of Defense’s central counternarcotics account o Cuenta Central Antinarcoticos del Departamento de Defensa de losEstados Unidos.[1] Los objetivos de Colombia y los Estados Unidos diferen en algunos aspectos. El principal objetivo del gobierno estadounidense es prevenir el flujo de drogas ilegales hacia los Estados Unidos, como tambien ayudar a Colombia a promover la paz, el desarrollo economico que a la vez contribuye a la seguridad en la región de los Andes. El principal objetivo de Colombia es promover lapaz, el desarrollo economico, incrementar la seguridad y terminar con el trafico ilegal de drogas. Ambos han evolucionado de lo estrictamente antinarcotico de la guerra contra las drogas a incluir aspectos de la guerra contra el terrorismo, debido a que los grupos violentos y mafias utilizan el negocio de la droga para financiar la guerra.[1]
A pesar de estos programas Colombia sigue siendo ellíder mundial en producción de cocaína con aproximadamente el 70% del total de distribución a nivel mundial y el 90% del procesamiento, según un informe del Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos en 2004.[1]
En junio de 2008 se reveló un informe de las Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra las Drogas y el Delito, en el que alertaba del crecimiento de cultivos de cocaína en el país durante 2007.Mientras que en 2006 los cultivos comprendían 78.000 hectáreas sembradas, en 2007 aumentaron a 99.000.[2]
Carteles de la droga
Con la prohibición, productores y traficantes formaron carteles clandestinos armados. Durante la década de 1980, al incrementarse la demanda, los carteles se expandieron y se organizaron en grupos criminales de mayor envergadura usualmente liderados por uno o más capos…
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